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Lesson 10
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Intermediate English
Lesson 10 - Shopping
Grammar

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Present Perfect

Affirmative/Negative Question
He has walked.
(He's walked.)
She
It

He has not walked.
(He hasn't walked.)
She
It

 Has he walked?
she
it

Short Answers
- Yes, he has.
- No, he hasn't.
They have walked.
(They've walked.)
I
You
We

They have not walked.
(They haven't walked.)
I
You
We

 Have they walked?
I
you
we

Short Answers
- Yes, they have.
- No, they haven't.

Negative in red letters
(Contractions in parentheses)

The present perfect is a verb form to describe something that happened at a non-specific time (you don't say what time) in the past or that started in the past and continues into the present.

I have visited the White House. (It happened at a non-specific time in the past.)

I have studied English for three years. (It started in the past and continues into the present.)

We form the present perfect with have or has and a participle.

I have finished the project.

She has worked at that company since 1990.

Negative

The word have in the present perfect is an auxiliar verb.* Like with other auxiliary verbs, we can add "not" to the auxiliary verb to form the negative and we can put the auxiliary verb at the beginning to form a question.

*The verb have is not an auxiliary verb when it is used to talk about possession, as in "I have a car." It would be "I don't have a car" in the negative.

Examples of the Negative
I have not finished the project.
 (or the contraction)
I haven't finished the project.

She has not worked at that company.
 (or the contraction)
She hasn't worked at that company.

Question

To form a question, we use have or has, the subject, and then the partciple.

Examples of Questions
Have you finished the project?
Has she worked at that company?

We can also form a contraction of have or has when we use the present perfect (but not when have or has is used for possession, as in "I have a car.") In the present perfect have is contracted to 've and has is contracted to 's.

I've finished the project.

She's worked at that company since 1990.

The Participle

We use the participle form of the verb with the present perfect. Usually we form participles by adding -ed to the verb (like when we form the past tense).

worked
lived

However, there are many irregular participles. Sometimes the participle is the same as the past tense form and sometimes it is different.

Examples of Irregular Participles
Verb Participle
be been
see seen
go gone
do done
buy bought

 

Practice
Answer the questions according to what is true for YOU. There are no correct or incorrect answers.

ever = some time

1. Have you ever been in the United States?

2. Have you ever gone to Australia?

3. Have you ever seen a British TV program?

4. Have you ever seen a movie in English?

5. Have you ever bought a book in English?

 

Practice
Write the sentences in the present perfect. Use a contraction only in the negative for this exercise.

example
He/work in Japan

They/not/go to Canada

1. She/finish her homework
   
   

2. They/not/do their homework
   
   

3. We/go to Chicago
   
   

4. The teacher/work at that school
   
   

5. I/not/buy a new car
   
   

6. William/not/call her
   
   

7. You/buy a computer
   
   

8. He/go to church
   
   

 

Practice
Write sentences that are true for YOU (use the contraction only in the negative for this exercise.

example
go to Canada

- or -

1. go to New York

2. be in a big airport

3. buy an expensive car

4. work in a big company

5. see a famous person

 

Practice
Write the sentences with contractions.

examples
He has worked in that company.

They have not gone to the party.

1. We have worked all day.
   
   

2. She has finished the project.
   
   

3. They have not seen the movie.
   
   

4. Pablo has lived in New York.
   
   

5. They have bought a new car.
   
   

6. She has not gone to the theater.
   
   

7. We have not done the work.
   
   

8. I have walked a long way.
   
   

 

Already and Yet

The word already means "before now." The word already goes between the word have or has and the participle.

I have already finished.

The word yet means "until now" and is used with negative sentences or questions in the present perfect. The word yet goes at the end of the sentence.

I haven't finished yet.

Practice
Below is Tammy's grocery shopping list. Write sentences about what she has and hasn't bought. She has already bought the things that are crossed out.

Tammy's Shopping List

1. bread
2. milk
3. meat
4. apples
5. broccoli
6. pasta
7. ice cream
8. cereal

examples
bread

milk

meat
   
   

apples
   
   

broccoli
   
   

pasta
   
   

ice cream
   
   

cereal
   
   

 

Find the Mistake

Instructions
Find the errors in the sentences.  Write the sentences correctly.

example
She are a student. --> She is a student. 

1. They have finish the project.  
  

2. She no has studied.
  

3. I have buyed many things.
  

4. He yet hasn't finished.
  

5. I allready have cleaned it.
  

 

Study English Abroad

You will find more information about studying English abroad and inexpensive alternatives to studying abroad in the Study Abroad area of Passport to English.

Study Abroad Information
Why study abroad?
What to look for in a study abroad program
Types of Programs
Alternatives to Study Abroad
Home Exchange

 

 

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